ABSTRACT
Acute lung injury is a common critical respiratory disease， which can further develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome （ARDS） with a high fatality rate， but there is no effective drug at present. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway is involved in cell proliferation， metabolism， survival， and motility through phosphorylation of numerous downstream effector molecules. It plays an important role in the development of acute lung injury by regulating mitochondrial function， apoptosis， autophagy， oxidative stress， and inflammatory response. The active ingredients in Chinese medicinals alleviate acute lung injury by targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. There has been an explosion of research on the treatment of acute lung injury by active ingredients in Chinese medicinals via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， which is of great clinical research value. The article presented the first summary of studies exploring the correlation between PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and acute lung injury in recent years and summed up the protective effect of the active ingredients in Chinese medicinals against acute lung injury via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， providing innovative mindsets and strategies for clinical application of active ingredients in Chinese medicinals in the treatment of acute lung injury.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe and evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ganduqing Granules in the treatment of common cold due to qi deficiency and pathogen invasion. Method:A multi-center， randomized， double-blind， and placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into an experimental group （<italic>n</italic>=60） and a control group （<italic>n</italic>=60）. Patients in the experimental group were treated with oral Ganduqing Granules， 6 g per time， 3 times per day， while those in the control group received placebo， 6 g per time， 3 times per day. After treatment for 5 successive days in both groups， the overall remission rate， total score of primary symptoms， total score of secondary symptoms， total score of all symptoms， time required for overall symptom remission， and therapeutic efficacy against traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome in the two groups were analyzed in both full analysis set （FAS） and per-protocol set （PPS）， followed by the evaluation of safety in the safety set （SS）. Result:No drop-out was found in the experimental group， whereas 3 cases in the control group dropped out. After 5 days of treatment， the overall remission rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The analysis in FAS and PDS revealed identical results. The experimental group was obviously better than the control group in improving the total scores of primary symptoms， secondary symptoms， and all symptoms （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The analysis results in FAS and PDS were consistent. There was no significant difference in overall remission time between the two groups. The experimental group was remarkably superior to the control group in alleviating such symptoms as aversion to wind and cold， nasal congestion， runny nose， fatigue， shortness of breath， laziness to speak， dry throat， sore throat， cough， and expectoration （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The analysis results in FAS were the same as those in PDS. All the patients did not present with significant abnormalities in vital signs， blood routine test， or liver and kidney function tests after medication. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion:Ganduqing Granules effectively alleviate the symptoms of patients with common cold and shorten the course of disease， without inducing obvious side effects.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to search for effective cryoprotectants and freezing methods used in cord blood bank (CBB) for cryopreservation of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. The non-programmed group using 8% final concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 5% final concentration hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (molecular weight 120,000) as protectants and group of conventional of programmed controller method using 10% DMSO only as cryoprotectant in cryopreservation of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells were compared. In each of the two groups, 15 cord blood units were used. In non-programmed group, cord blood units put in -80 degrees C refrigerator for 24 hours as a transitional step before deep-freezing in liquid nitrogen, when both of DMSO and HES had been added. The recoveries of the nuclear cells number, the yield of granulocyto-macrophage colony forming units (CFU-GM) and the cells viability in cord blood units before preservation and after thawing were tested for both methods. The results showed that no significant difference was found in above assays between two groups. The clinical application results also showed that hematopoietic engraftment rates after infusion were similar in both groups. It is concluded that the non-programmed method by -80 degrees C refrigerator as a transitional step and using the combined two protectants seems simple in operation and effective in clinical transplantation as well as the conventional programmed method.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cryopreservation , Cryoprotective Agents , Pharmacology , Dimethyl Sulfoxide , Pharmacology , Fetal Blood , Cell Biology , Hematopoietic Stem Cells , Cell Biology , Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives , PharmacologyABSTRACT
In order to explore the improvement of seeding efficiencies of infused donor hematopoietic cells to bone marrow in bone marrow transplantation, two recipient groups of syngeneic rat model which received transplanted cells labeled with PKH-26, a red fluorescent membrane dye, by aortic or intravenous administration (2 x 10(7) nucleate cells per recipient rat) respectively, were assayed; at selected times following BMT, partial recipient rat were euthanized and then measured the numbers of PKH-26 labeled cells in recipient rat marrow samples by means of flow cytometry. The results showed that the homing indices of donor hematopoietic cells in aortic group and intravenous group were (14.52 +/- 1.07)% and (10.49 +/- 0.72)% at 30 hours after BMT, respectively (P < 0.05). The results indicated that the number of donor hematopoietic cells localized to recipient bone marrow infused by aortic route is more than that infused by intravenous route.
ABSTRACT
It has been well-known that intravenously infused hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells can home to the bone marrow and reconstitute hematopoiesis. However, little is understood about the homing efficiency or percentage of infused stem and progenitor cells. In order to examine distribution pattern of infused hematopoietic cells in the organs and tissues, a direct assay system to trace transplanted cells in vivo by employing PKH-26, a red fluorescent membrane dye, to label hematopoietic cells in inbred strain of mice transplanted cells (stem cell antigen-1 positive subpopulation cell, Sca-1(+) cells) was introduced. The numbers of labeled cells was measured by means of flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The early fate of infused Sca-1(+) donor bone marrow cells after intravenous administration in a allogeneic mouse model was examined. The presence of infused donor cells with the fluorescent dye PKH-26 was evaluated within 60 hours in hematopoietic organ (bone marrow and spleen) and non-hematopoietic organ (lungs and liver) of recipients. The data showed that (1) Following intravenous infusion, Sca-1(+) donor bone marrow cells were detained in lungs shortly. (2) Sca-1(+) donor bone marrow cells localized to both hematopoietic organ (bone marrow and spleen) and non-hematopoietic organ (lungs and liver) for periods of up to 60 hours following infusion, however, the number of donor hematopoietic cells localized to bone marrow was more than that localized to non-hematopoietic organ (P < 0.05). These results indicated that there were also donor early hematopoietic cells in non-hematopoietic organ of recipients at the homing phase in allo-BMT mice.